BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works Cited
Al-Khalil, Ramsey. Social Issues of World Cup in South Africa. Duke University,
sites.duke.edu/wcwp/tournament-guides/world-cup-2014/the-2010-south-africa-world-cup-highlights-politics-lessons-for-brazil/social-issues-of-world-cup-in-south-africa/.
This source provides specific insights on the social issues which occurred during the
2010 South African World Cup. Specifically, his discussion of the racial tension within the
nation and how the World Cup could be an opportunity to solve the racial tension was particularly useful.
Aragao, Mirele. “Economic Impacts on FIFA World Cup in Developing Countries.” Scholar
Works at WMU, 17 Apr. 2015, scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3609&context=honors_theses.
In his writing, Aragao describes the economic impacts that the World Cup has upon developing nations such as Brazil and South Africa. I found his work particularly useful when discussing the benefits reaped by the developing host nations as a result of the massive influx of tourists.
Bestall, Paul. “Analyzing How The World Cup Bidding Process Works - Page 2 of 2.” World
Soccer Talk, 31 Oct. 2014, worldsoccertalk.com/2014/10/30/analyzing-how-the-world-cup-bidding-process-works/2.
In Bestall’s paper he discusses the entire complicated bidding process that potential host nations need to go through in order to obtain hosting rights. I used this source to provide context as to what a nation needs to do in order to receive hosting rights in the first place.
Broudehoux, Anne-Marie. "Spectacle and Reality in Rio." New Internationalist,
July-Aug. 2019, p. 30+. Gale In Context: Global Issues, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A592555639/GPS?u=va_p_wakef_s&sid=GPS&xid=28c98aad. Accessed 23 Sept. 2019.
In Broudehoux's paper, she sheds light on the reality that occurred within Brazil during the 2014 World Cup. She discusses how in order to make the country more appealing the Brazilian government relocated much of the poorer and uglier neighborhoods. I used this source as support for how the World Cup brings social oppression.
Christou, Luke. “World Cup 2030: Why Would a Country Want to Host the World Cup?” Verdict, 22 June 2018, www.verdict.co.uk/world-cup-2030-business-economic-impact/.
This source highlights the biggest benefit that comes from hosting the World Cup which is the influx of tourists it brings in. I used this source the most when giving an introduction to the benefits that come with the World Cup and the benefits that come with tourists visiting.
Conteh, Salhamid, and Mario Azerraf. “The Structure and Policies of FIFA.” Soccer Politics / The Politics of Football, 3 Mar. 2015, sites.duke.edu/wcwp/tournament-guides/world-cup-2014/fifa-institutional-politics/the-structure-and-policies-of-fifa/.
Conteh in his work discusses the structure of the FIFA organization. I used this source at the beginning of my paper when I was discussing what FIFA is in order to provide the reader with more understanding of how the organization works.
Deutsche Welle. “Germany's World Cup Report Hails Economic, Social Success: DW: 07.12.2006.” DW.COM,
This source discusses how by hosting the World Cup German nationalism increased. I used this source when discussing the German World Cup and how by hosting the nationalism across the country increased.
Fick, Jeff. “Who Said FIFA World Cup Meant Jobs?” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 25 June 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/jefffick/2014/06/25/who-said-fifa-world-cup-meant-jobs/#1abfa62f612f.
Fick discusses how the World Cup stimulates the economy in all areas because of the increase in demand brought in by the tourists. I used this source to expand my argument on how tourists benefit the economy of the host nation.
“Fifa Corruption Crisis: Key Questions Answered.” BBC News, BBC, 21 Dec. 2015, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32897066.
FIFA is renowned as one of the most corrupt organizations in the world and in this article that is specifically highlighted through the former leaders Sepp Blatter and Michel Platini. I used this source to discuss the corruption within FIFA and how the organization has been caught accepting bribes in order to change the reader’s perspective on how some nations received their hosting rights.
“FIFA Fast Facts.” CNN, Cable News Network, 7 Jan. 2020, www.cnn.com/2016/01/13/world/fifa-fast-facts/index.html.
This source provides valuable information on the structure of FIFA. I used this source to discuss how FIFA is divided into various different organizations depending on their geographic position and each of those under arching organizations governs the soccer in one specific continent.
FIFA.com. “History of FIFA - The First FIFA World Cup™.” FIFA.com, www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/history/first-fifa-world-cup.html.
This source is the FIFA website and provides an abundance of information on the World Cup today as well as the history of the tournament. I used this source to discuss the history of the organization in the context of my paper.
Garcia-Navarro, Lulu. “As Brazil Barrels Toward World Cup, Brazilians Aren't Feeling It.” NPR, NPR, 5 June 2014, www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/05/318925781/as-brazil-barrels-toward-world-cup-brazilians-arent-feeling-it.
In this paper, Garcia-Navarro discusses how the Brazilian population is not pleased with the government and the decisions it made through this whole World Cup process. I used this source to discuss the stadiums and how they have been rendered useless now that the tournament is over.
Hall, Matthew. “Are Cities Starting to See World Cup Hosting Duties as a Poisoned Chalice?” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 19 Mar. 2018, www.theguardian.com/football/2018/mar/19/are-cities-starting-to-see-world-cup-hosting-duties-as-a-poisoned-chalice.
This source discusses how in the 2026 North American World Cup cities such as Vancouver and Chicago elected to be removed from the list of host cities. I used this source to emphasize how the World Cup can be more of a burden than a blessing and that cities are beginning to recognize that.
Hall, Stefan. “Does Hosting a World Cup Make Economic Sense?” World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/06/world-cup-football-smart-investment-russia-host/.
This source puts into question the economic sense of hosting the World Cup, particularly, the economic sense of building stadiums. This source had great examples of stadiums that were built but then rendered obsolete that I used.
Maennig, Wolfgang, et al. “WORLD CUP 2010: SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY CHALLENGES INFORMED BY THE EXPERIENCE OF GERMANY 2006.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111), 29 Oct. 2007, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2007.00074.x.
In this paper, Maennig illuminates the hardships that the poor must endure during the World Cup process. I used this in my paper to show that during the World Cup the higher class ger richer while the poor suffer.
Magee, Will. “How The 2002 World Cup Became The Most Controversial Tournament in Recent Memory.” Vice, 18 July 2017, www.vice.com/en_us/article/ywgx4y/how-the-2002-world-cup-became-the-most-controversial-tournament-in-recent-memory.
This source discusses what occurred during South Korea and Japan's joint World Cup on the field. I used this source in providing context to what happened during the 2002 World Cup in South Korea and Japan.
Mitchell, Brittany. “1995 Rugby World Cup: Unifying a Divided Nation.” ESPN Scrum, en.espn.co.uk/southafrica/rugby/story/267173.html.
This source discusses the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa and how it aided in weakening the racial tensions between the white and black populations in South Africa. I used this source to compare it to the effects of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and its effect on the racial tensions in the country.
“Module 04: The End of Optimism? The Great Depression in Europe.” Context :: European History, www.dhr.history.vt.edu/modules/eu/mod04_depression/context.html.
This source discusses how the economic depression in the United States eventually passed onto Europe. I used this source to give an explanation behind why there was very little participation by European nations in the World Cup during the Great Depression.
Mooney, et al. “South Africa: a 21st Century Apartheid in Health and Health Care?” The Medical Journal of Australia, 1 Dec. 2008, www.mja.com.au/journal/2008/189/11/south-africa-21st-century-apartheid-health-and-health-care.
This paper describes the Apartheid in South Africa and the effects it had on the difference in health care coverage between the two races. I used this source as an example of the racial divide in South Africa before I began discussing how the World Cup helped lessen the divide.
Luidinga, Rinse. “The Economic Impact of Hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup by South Africa (2015).” Kenniscentrum Sport En Bewegen, 27 Nov. 2019, www.kenniscentrumsportenbewegen.nl/kennisbank/publicaties/?the-economic-impact-of-hosting-the-2010-fifa-world-cup-by-south-africa&kb_id=17644.
In this paper, Luidinga evaluates all the different ways in which South Africa benefited from the 2010 World Cup economically. I used his fact about the number of tourists South Africa received during the World Cup in my paper.
Panja, Tariq. “Did FIFA Accidentally Confirm a World Cup Bribery Scandal?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 5 Dec. 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/12/05/sports/fifa-teixeira-qatar-2022-bribes.html.
Panja in his paper evaluates the probability of FIFA accepting a bribe to host the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. I use this source when I make a case of how FIFA is a corrupt organization.
Patel, Kishan. Brazilian Perspectives on the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. University of Vermont, 2016, scholarworks.uvm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1169&context=hcoltheses.
Patel in his paper discusses how the poor people in Brazil are not able to participate in the World Cup hysteria like everyone else because of the negative association they have with the tournament. I use this source in order to drive in the fact that the poor do not benefit from hosting the World Cup.
Reid, Robin. Personal interview. 4 February 2020.
In this interview Mr. Reid, a citizen of South Africa and resident of South Africa during the World Cup, discusses how hosting the World Cup affected the nation in terms of security, economically, and socially. I used his interview to discuss the uselessness in building certain stadiums.
Romário. “I Supported Brazil's World Cup Bid, but the Expense Is Now Crippling Us | Romário.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 23 June 2013, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/23/brazil-world-cup-deepen-problems-fifa.
In this paper, Romário discusses how the investment in the World Cup took money away from areas such as health and education which needed funding. I used this in my paper to show how the World Cup did more harm than good in Brazil.
Ronquillo, Elissa Josefina. “The 2014 Brazilian World Cup: Consequences and Legacies.” Scholarship @ Claremont, scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/71/.
Ronquillo discusses how the World Cup was a fantastic opportunity for the Brazilians to market the country to the world. I used this source when I discussed the benefit that publicity brings to the nation that hosts the World Cup.
SBS Australia. “The World Cup's Cultural Significance.” The World Game, 2 Jan. 2009, theworldgame.sbs.com.au/the-world-cup-s-cultural-significance.
In this paper, the significance of the World Cup to the world is illuminated. What I took from this essay was Pele's significance in the first Brazilian World Cup in 1950 and has eventual impact on soccer as a whole.
Smith, David. “Life in 'Tin Can Town' for the South Africans Evicted Ahead of World Cup.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 1 Apr. 2010, www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/01/south-africa-world-cup-blikkiesdorp.
In this essay, David Smith tells us about the lives of the South African people who were moved to the Tin Can Town, which is a neighborhood where the quality of life is horrible. I used this to show how the South African government cared more about hosting a good World Cup than the lower class.
Struck, Doug. “Hosts Left to Foot World Cup Bill.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 29 June 2002, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/06/29/hosts-left-to-foot-world-cup-bill/d3d41415-54c5-456e-9c0d-0f3ac6367883/.
Doug Struck in this work discusses how the World Cup is a tremendous opportunity for the countries of the far east, Japan and South Korea, to market themselves to the world and bolster their economic standing. I used his writing on how Japan and South Korea could benefit as a base of information when discussing how South Korea and Japan could benefit from hosting the World Cup.
Ward, Alex. “9 Questions about the World Cup You Were Too Embarrassed to Ask.” Vox, Vox, 11 July 2018, www.vox.com/2018/6/12/17356780/world-cup-2018-russia-teams-schedule-tickets.
In this article, Alex Ward explains how the World Cup works to people who do not know much about it is. I used his writing as a reference to write my context and explain how the World Cup works to those who did not already know.
Wilson, Bill. “Fifa World Cup 'Hits the Poorest Hardest'.” BBC News, BBC, 8 Sept. 2014, www.bbc.com/news/business-28881952.
In this paper, Bill Wilson discusses the downsides of the World Cup and how if the World Cup is indeed going to be a success for the host, then the investments made for the World Cup must be sustainable after the World Cup is over. I used Wilson's work to describe what needs to happen for the World Cup to be successful.